Phytosterols, commonly consumed to reduce cholesterol levels, may also “potentially prevent cancer development”, according to a new review of all the science.
The ingredients may work via the traditional route of reducing
cholesterol, particularly in the membrane of cancer cells, and by
activating an enzyme called caspase which is known to play an essential
role in programmed cell death (apoptosis).
“This combined evidence strongly supports an anticarcinogenic
action of phytosterols and hence advocates their dietary inclusion as an
important strategy in prevention and treatment of cancer,”
wrote the reviewers from the Department of Animal Science and the
Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, at the
University of Manitoba.
The reviews findings are published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Phytosterols, cholesterol-like molecules derived from plants, are
increasingly well known to consumers due to their scientifically proven
ability to reduce cholesterol levels. As consumer awareness has
increased, the number of products containing plant sterols or plant
stanols and their esters has increased.
Numerous clinical trials in controlled settings have reported that
daily consumption of 1.5 to 3 grams of phytosterols/-stanols from foods
can reduce total cholesterol levels by eight to 17 per cent,
representing a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular
disease.
Anti-cancer data
The Manitoba-based researchers “critically examine results from
recent research regarding the potential effects and mechanisms of action
of phytosterols on forms of cancer”.
According to emerging evidence, the phytosterols have shown
potential in inhibiting cancers of the stomach, lung, ovaries, and
breasts.
Commenting on the mechanism, Peter Jones and his colleagues stated
that phytosterols may be linked to increased activity of caspase
enzymes. This is achieved by the sterols being incorporated into the
cell membranes, resulting in changes to the structure and function of
the membranes. These changes ultimately result in an activation of
caspase enzymes, said the researchers.
A second potential mechanism could also involve the sterols
‘traditional’ modus operandi of reducing blood cholesterol. “High blood
cholesterol level and hence the concentration of cholesterol in lipid
rafts of cell membranes are associated with reduced apoptosis of cancer
cells,” they said.
Saftey concerns at a recommended daily intake level of two grams
appear unfounded, added the researchers, noting that such a dose “does
not cause any major health risks”.
“Mounting evidence supports a role for phytosterols in protecting against cancer development,” wrote the researchers.
“Hence, phytosterols could be incorporated in diet not only to
lower the cardiovascular disease risk, but also to potentially prevent
cancer development,” they concluded.
Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume 63, Pages 813-820, doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.29
“Anticancer effects of phytosterols”
Authors: T.A. Woyengo, V.R. Ramprasath, P.J.H. Jones
Category: Productos
Source: Nutraingredients.com